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(Translated from Hungarian)T
The Basilica of the Assumption in Székesfehérvár (or Basilica of the Virgin Mary, Royal Basilica, Coronation Basilica, Main Basilica) was one of the largest churches in contemporary Europe, the largest and most important in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, built by King Stephen I shortly after the founding of the state. The incredibly rich basilica has been built continuously over the centuries. Its history ended with the Turkish occupation, during which time the city of kings suffered a series of Ottoman and Christian sieges. Its remains are less spectacular compared to other sights in the city center, but its significance surpasses those of: Péter Orseolo IV. With the exception of Béla (he was anointed in another basilica in Fehérvár), until Ferdinand I, all Hungarian rulers were crowned king within these walls, and he also chose the church as the final resting place of our fifteen rulers. In 1083, the remains of King Stephen and Prince Imre were excavated from the graves at their consecration and formed relics. Today, its territory is one of the official national monuments of Hungary under the name Medieval Ruin Garden - National Monument.
The provost of the Virgin Mary in Székesfehérvár was unique in many respects. The private church of King St. Stephen, built next to the pilgrimage route to the Holy Land, became the site of the coronations, royal weddings and burials of the queens and queens of medieval Hungary. The crown and coronation insignia, as well as important documents, have been preserved here for centuries. This place served as a venue for many turning events, legislative assemblies, and deliberations of nobles.
Construction history
Our first king, St. Stephen, began to build (following the example of German cathedrals) in the XI. at the beginning of the 19th century, as its final resting place. A XI. It was completed in the 16th century with its 60 × 30 m floor area and approx. With an internal height of 30 m, it was one of the largest basilicas in contemporary Europe.
The contemporary basilica of St. Stephen had three naves, four towers and probably two sanctuaries. A climber also joined the south side.
The extraordinary significance of the building over the centuries can be traced back to the fact that King Stephen († 1038), who was consecrated in 1083, rested within the walls of the church, more precisely in the middle of the church. His sarcophagus can still be seen today in the mausoleum built in his honor. His son, Prince Imre († 1031), who was also consecrated at that time, had already been buried. Its crypt was excavated between the second and third pillars of the southern nave.
The kings who ascended the throne after St. Stephen IV. With the exception of Béla (he crowned himself in another basilica in Székesfehérvár) he was anointed king here until Ferdinand I and, like István, many (14 in number) were buried here.
Transformations
In 1327, King Charles Robert, wishing to be buried in the church, partially vaulted the nave. In 1426, the Pipó of Ozora, of Italian origin, rebuilt the tower of the basilica in the southwest (facing the Town Hall) in Gothic style. Thus the balance of symmetry of the church so far was upset, as this tower was much higher than the other northwest tower of the facade. It is estimated that the so-called Pipó Tower may have been 65-70 m high. The construction cost Pipó Ozorai a lot of money, so he received a special favor: he could be buried within the walls of the basilica. This belonged almost exclusively to kings. Wealthier people could build a tomb chapel next to the basilica or bury themselves in the courtyard of the bell tower. The tomb of Pipó Ozorai was probably under the tower he had built.
The last major construction took place in the time of Matthias Hunyadi, who demolished the former eastern sanctuary and the city wall behind it, then filled the area and built a new 30 m long chapel-wreathed sanctuary to the east as the tomb chapel of the Hunyadi family. Later, the city wall was also rebuilt. The so-called Matthias Tomb Chapel may have been the most beautiful part of the basilica, which may have been similar to the sanctuary of French Gothic cathedrals such as Notre-Dame in Paris. After the enlargements, the total length of the church already exceeded 100 meters.
Destruction
Székesfehérvár fell into Turkish hands in 1543, and the Turkish captain looted the royal tombs at that time. The destruction of the coronation basilica began with the successful Christian recapture in 1601, as the Turks used the Pipo Tower as a gunpowder depot, and after they could not keep the city from losing the gunpowder to the victors, it was blown up. In the huge explosion, the Pipó Tower collapsed and the entire church burned down. After the siege, it was not restored, the damaged city walls were repaired from its stones. Christian armies broke up the still undamaged royal tombs in the basilica.
In 1602 the Turks recaptured the city, they also used the church as a quarry. The northern side chapels of the church remained in a usable condition, they were built only in the 18th century. It was demolished at the end of the 19th century, during the construction of the Episcopal Palace.
In the XIX. By the beginning of the 19th century, all the above-ground remains of the former royal basilica had disappeared. The excavations that began after that could only reveal the foundation walls below the surface, but the exact appearance of the church can no longer be deduced from this.
Only one royal tomb remained intact in the basilica. Ma III. We honor the king named Béla, who was found with his wife, Anna Châtillon, in 1848 in the south aisle of the church while digging. The identification, however, is uncertain, with several indications that the royal bones are the remains of Kálmán Könyves and his wife, Felicia of Hauteville. This is indicated by a processional cross found in the tomb, which was only buried in the tombs of bishops, and King Kalman was the only ruler who was a bishop before his coronation.
This list is not yet complete. Help me expand to be a complete list!
A help category.png Related list: Category: Kings and queens crowned in the basilica of Székesfehérvár
1001 Stephen I (Saint)
1038 (Venice) Peter
1041 Samuel
1046 András I. (Fehér)
1057 Solomon
1060 I. (Champion) Béla
1063 Solomon
1075 I. Géza
1077 I. (Saint) László
1095 (Book) Kálmán
1102 II. István
1116 II. Stephen
1131 II. (Vak) Béla
1141 II. Géza
1162 III. Stephen
1162 II. László
1163 IV. Stephen
1173 III. Béla (Nagy)
1194 Imre
1204 III. László
1205 II. (Jerusalem) Andrew
1214 IV. Béla
1246 V. István
1270 István V.
1272 IV. (Kun) László
1290 III. (Venice) András
1301 (Czech) Wenceslas
1305 (Bavarian) Otto
1310 Charles I Robert
1342 Louis I (the Great)
1382 Mary I.
1385 II. (Little) Charles
1387 Sigismund
1405 Borbála Cillei
1438 Albert
1438 Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1440 V. (Descendant) László
1440 Ulászló I. (Várnai)
1464 I. (Just) Matthias
1476 Queen Beatrix of Aragon
1490 II. (Dobzse) Ulászló
1502 Queen Anna of Candale
1508 II. Lajos
1521 Queen Mary of Habsburg (1505-1558)
1526 John I
1527 I. Ferdinand
1527 Queen Anna of Jagiellonia
1539 Queen Jabello Isabella
Significant burials
A help category.png Related list: Category: Persons buried in the coronation basilica of Székesfehérvár
1038: Stephen I (St.)
1116: (Book) Kálmán
1141: II. (Vak) Béla
1162: II. Géza
1163: II. László
1165: IV. Stephen
1196: III. Béla (Nagy)
1205: III. László
1342: Charles I (Robert)
1382: Louis I (the Great)
1439: Albert
1490: Matthias I (the Just)
1516: II. (Dobzse) Ulászló
1526: II. Lajos
1540: John I.
1031: Prince St. Imre
Around 1110: Queen Felicia of Hauteville
1137: prince Álmos
1184: Queen Anna of Châtillon
1426: Ozora Pipó
1442: Queen Elizabeth of Luxembourg
1516: Queen Anna of Candale
Location : Latitude: 47.1917, Longitude: 18.4107Matches 1 to 1 of 1
Last Name, Given Name(s)  |
Birth  |
Person ID | Tree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Magyarországról, Imre | Abt 1007 | I828580 | savenije |
Matches 1 to 2 of 2
| Last Name, Given Name(s) |
Burial |
Person ID | Tree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Magyarországról, Imre | I828580 | savenije | |
| 2 | Magyarországról, Koning Stephan I | I31258 | savenije |
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