Burgos, Castilla y León, España: Veenkoloniale Genealogieën

Notes:
Burgos is a city of northwestern Spain, at the edge of the central plateau, with about 173,600 inhabitants in the city proper and another 10,000 in its suburbs. It is the capital of the province of Burgos. The Burgos Laws or Leyes de Burgos were promulgated there in 1512.

History

When the Romans took possession of what is now the province of Burgos the site had been a Celtiberian city inhabited by the Morgobos, Turmodigos,Berones and perhaps also the Pelendones, the last inhabitants of the northern part of the Celtiberian province; the principal cities, according to Ptolemy, included: Brabum, Sisara, Deobrigula, Ambisna Segiasamon and Verovesca (briviesca). In Roman times it belonged to Hispania Citerior ("Hither Spain") and then to Hispania Tarraconensis. In the fifth century the Visigoths drove back the Suevi, then the Arabs occupied all of Castile in the eighth century, though only for a brief period, and left no trace of their occupation. Alfonso III the Great, king of León reconquered it about the middle of the ninth century, and built many castles for the defence of Christendom, which was then extended through the reconquest of lost territory. The region came to be known as Castile (Latin castella), i.e. "land of castles".

Burgos was founded in the 880s as an outpost on this expanding Christian frontier, when Diego Rodríguez "Porcelos", count of Castile, governed this territory with orders to promote the increase of the Christian population; with this end in view he gathered the inhabitants of the surrounding country into one fortified village, whose Visigothic name of Burgos signified consolidated walled villages (Gothic baurgs). The city began to be called Caput Castellae ("Cabeza de Castilla" or "Head of Castille"). The county (condado) of Burgos, subject to the Kings of Leon, continued to be governed by counts and was gradually extended; Fernán González, the greatest of these, established his independence.

The city was the see of a Catholic bishop from the tenth century and in the eleventh century became the capital of the Kingdom of Castile. Burgos was a major stop for pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela and a centre of trade between the Bay of Biscay and the south, which attracted an unusually large foreign merchant population, who became part of the city oligarchy and excluded other foreigners. Throughout the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries Burgos was a favourite seat of the kings of León and Castile and a favoured burial site. The consejo or urban commune of Burgos was firmly in the hands of an oligarchic class of caballeros villanos, the "non-noble knights" of Burgos, who provided the monarchs with a mounted contingent: in 1255 and 1266 royal charters granted to those citizens of Burgos who owned horses and could arm themselves relief from taxes, provided that they continue to live within the city walls The merchant oligarchy succeeded the cathedral chapter as the major purchasers of land after 1250; they carried on their mercantile business in common with municipal or royal functions and sent their sons to England and Flanders to gain experience in overseas trade. A few families withihin the hermandades or confraternities like the Sarracín and Bonifaz succeeded in monopolising the post of alcalde, or mayor; a special court, the alcalde del rey was first mentioned at Burgos in 128 By the reign of Alfonso X the exemption of the non-noble knights and religious corporations, combined with exorbitant gifts and grants to monasteries and private individuals, placed great stress on the economic well-being of the realm.

In the century following the conquest of Seville (1248), Burgos became a testing-ground for royal policies of increasing power against the consejo, in part by encouraging the right to appeal from the consejo to the king. In 1285 Sancho IV added a new body to the consejo which came to dominate it: the jurado in charge of collecting taxes and overseeing public works; the king reserved the right to select its members. The city perceived that danger to its autonomy came rasther from an uncontrolled aristocracy during royal minorities: Burgos joined the hermandades of cities that leagued together for mutual protection in 1295 and 1315. In the fourteenth century official royal intrusion in city affairs was perceived as a palliative against outbreaks of violence by the large excluded class of smaller merchants and artisans, on whom the tax burden fell. The alguacil was the royal official instituted to judge disagreements.

On 9 June 1345, sweeping aside the city government, Alfonso XI established direct royal rule of Burgos through the Regimiento of sixteen appointed men

In 1574 Pope Gregory XIII made its bishop an archbishop, at the request of king Philip II.

Burgos has been the scene of many wars: with the Moors, the struggles between León and Navarre, and between Castile and Aragon. In the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, Burgos was the scene of a battle, and again in the 19th century Carlist civil wars of the Spanish succession. During the Spanish Civil War Burgos was the base of Gen. Franco's rebel Nationalist government.

Sights

Burgos still possesses more ecclesiastical monuments than any other Spanish city, even including Toledo. The three most outstanding are the cathedral, with its chapel of the Condestable, the monastery of Las Huelgas and the Carthusian monasterery of Miraflores. In addition to the collegiate churches of Lerma, Villadiego, Plampiega, Palenzuela, Cobarrubias and others, there are in Burgos alone many magnificent buildings. The cathedral, which its chapel of the Condestable, the monastery of Las Huelgas, and the Carthusian monastery of Miraflores, are museums of really permanent value.

Minor notable churches are: San Esteban, San Gil (Sancti Aegidii), San Pedro, San Cosme y San Damian, Santiago (Sancti Jacobi), San Lorenzo and San Lesmes (Adelelmi). The Convento de la Merced, occupied by the Jesuits, and the Hospital del Rey are also worthy of mention. In the walls of the city are the famous gateway of Santa María, erected for the first entrance of the Emperor Charles V, and the arch of Fernán González.

The diocese has two fine ecclesiastical seminaries. There are also many institutions for secular education. Schools are maintained in every diocese, the Instituto Provincial, and many colleges are conducted by private individuals, religious orders and nuns both cloistered and uncloistered.

Birth

Matches 1 to 3 of 3

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Birth	Person ID	Tree
1	de Castilla, Queen Berengaria I	01 Jun 1180	I810929	savenije
2	de Castilla, Hendrik	1379	I96881	savenije
3	de Castilla, Pedro	1334	I94748	savenije

Christening

Matches 1 to 2 of 2

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Christening	Person ID	Tree
1	de Castilla, Hendrik	04 Oct 1379	I96881	savenije
2	de Castilla, Pedro	30 Aug 1334	I94748	savenije

Death

Matches 1 to 4 of 4

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Death	Person ID	Tree
1	de Castilla, Fadrique	Abt 1277	I828093	savenije
2	de Castilla, Leonora	1244	I31058	savenije
3	von Österreich, Philips I	25 Sep 1506	I95875	savenije
4	de Portugal, Blanca	17 Apr 1321	I827943	savenije

Burial

Matches 1 to 2 of 2

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Burial	Person ID	Tree
1	de Castilla, Johan		I96878	savenije
2	de Portugal, Isabella		I96879	savenije

Residence

Matches 1 to 1 of 1

	Last Name, Given Name(s)	Residence	Person ID	Tree
1	Porcellos, Diego		I31212	savenije

Marriage

Matches 1 to 9 of 9

	Family	Marriage	Family ID	Tree
1	Aragón / Castilla	00 Sep 1109	F11568	savenije
2	Aragón / Österreich	03 Apr 1497	F39152	savenije
3	Bretagne / Castilla	21 Jun 1310	F307608	savenije
4	Castilla / Dammartin	1237	F300039	savenije
5	Castilla / France	13 Jan 1269	F307310	savenije
6	Castilla / Narbonne	Abt 1281	F310990	savenije
7	Castilla / of England	Sep 1177	F11461	savenije
8	Castillië / Dammartin	1237	F47054	savenije
9	España / Bourbon	25 Nov 1615	F241745	savenije