Notes:
Bari is een havenstad aan de Adriatische Zee. Het ligt ten noordwesten van de 'hak' van de Laars van Italië. Bari is de hoofdstad van de gelijknamige provincie en van de regio Apulië. De stad telt ongeveer 328.458 inwoners.
Bari is een belangrijke havenplaats. Vanuit Bari zijn er regelmatige veerdiensten naar Durrës in Albanië, en ook naar andere steden zoals Dubrovnik in Kroatië en Bar in Montenegro.
Oorspronkelijk lag Bari in de invloedssfeer van de Griekse kolonies in Zuid-Italië. Later ging het als Barium deel uitmaken van het Romeinse Rijk, en door de eeuwen heen kende het diverse andere overheersers, zoals Goten, Noormannen en in de 9e eeuw van de gebruikelijke jaartelling de Arabieren. Later in de 9e eeuw werd het heroverd door de Byzantijnen. In tegenstelling tot Malta en Sicilië lag Bari traditioneel niet aan de belangrijkste zeeroutes van de Middellandse Zee.
In de Basiliek van Sint-Nicolaas te Bari worden de stoffelijke overschotten van Sint Nicolaas, de bisschop van Myra wiens verjaardag (6 december) op 5 december in onder andere de Lage Landen wordt gevierd, bewaard. De heilige Nicolaas is beschermheilige van de stad.
Bari is een universiteitsstad en heeft verder een historisch museum. Het element Barium is volgens sommigen genoemd naar deze stad, omdat het hier ontdekt zou zijn. Volgens anderen is de naam Barium afgeleid van het Griekse woord barys, dat 'zwaar' betekent.
Bari is the capital city of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or, in Italian, Puglia) region, on the Adriatic sea, in Italy. It is the second economic centre of southern Italy and is well known as a port and university city, as well as the city of Saint Nicholas of Bari. The city itself has a decreasing population of 328,458 over 116 km², while the fast-growing urban area counts 653,028 inhabitants over 203 km². Another 500.000 people live in the metropolitan area.
Bari consists of four different parts. On the north, the closely built old town on the peninsula between two modern harbours, with the splendid Basilica of San Nicola (Saint Nicholas), the Cathedral of San Sabino (1035 - 1171) and the Castello Svevo of Frederick II, is now also one of the major nightlife districts. The Murattiano section to the south, the modern heart of the city, is laid out on a rectangular plan with a promenade on the sea, and the major shopping district (the via Spparano and via Argiro). The more modern city surrounding this center was the result of chaotic development during the 1960s and 1970s over the old suburbs that had developed along roads splaying outwards from gates in the city walls. Finally, the outer suburbs have been in rapid development during the 1990s. The city has a redeveloped airport named after Pope John Paul II, Karol Wojtyla Airport, with connections to many european destinations.
History
Ancient Bari
Barion (Latin Barium), in the region of the Peucetii, does not seem to have been a place of great importance in Greater Greece; only bronze coins struck by it have been found. Once it passed under Roman rule in the third century BC, it developeped strategic significance as the point of junction between the coast road and the Via Traiana; a branch road to Tarentum led from Barium. Its harbour, mentioned as early as 181 BC, was probably the principal one of the district in ancient times, as it is at present, and was the centre of a fishery. The first historical bishop of Bari was Gervasius who was noted at the Council of Sardica in 347. The bishops were dependent on the patriarch of Constantinople until the 10th century.
Middle Ages
After the devastations of the Gothic Wars, under Lombard rule a set of written regulations was established, the Consuetudines Barenses, which influenced similar written constitutions in other southern cities.
Bari was put on the political map of the region in 852 when it became a center of Arab power for a generation, under the first emir of the area, Sawdan. In 885, it became the residence of the local Byzantine catapan, or governor. The failed revoolt (1009-1011) of the Lombard nobles Melus of Bari (d. 1020) and his brother-in-law Dattus, against the Byzantine governorate, though it was firmly repressed at the Battle of Cannae (1018), offered their Norman adventurer allies a first foothold in the region. In 1025, under the Archbishop Byzantius, Bari became attached to the see of Rome and was granted provincial status.
In 1071, Bari was captured by Robert Guiscard. Maio of Bari (d. 1160), a Lombard merchant's son, was the third of the great admirals of Norman Sicily. The Basilica di San Nicola was founded in 1087 to receive the relics of this saint, which werre surreptitiously brought from Myra in Lycia, in Byzantine territory. The saint began his development from Saint Nicolas of Myra into Saint Nicolas of Bari and began to attract pilgrims, whose encouragement and care became central to the economy of Bari. In 1095 Peter the Hermit preached the first crusade there. In October 1098, Urban II, who had consecrated the Basilica in 1089, convened the Council of Bari, one of a series of synods convoked with the intention of reconciling the Greeks and Latins on the question of the filioque clause in the Creed, which Anselm ably defended, seated at the pope's side. The Greeks were not brought over to the Latin way of thinking, and the Great Schism was inevitable.
A civil war broke out in Bari in 1117 withe the murder of the archbishop, Riso. Control of Bari was seized by Grimoald Alferanites, a native Lombard, and he was elected lord in opposition to the Normans. By 1123, he had increased ties with Byzantium and Venice and taken the title gratia Dei et beati Nikolai barensis princeps. Grimoald increased the cult of St Nicholas in his city. He later did homage to Roger II of Sicily, but rebelled and was defeated in 1132.
In 1156, Bari was sacked and razed to the ground; Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Sicily, repaired the fortress of Baris but it was subsequently destroyed several times. Bari recovered each time.
Early modern Bari
Isabella di Aragona, princess of Naples and widow of the Duke of Milan Gian Galeazzo Sforza, enlarged the castle, which she made her residence, 1499-1524. After the death of Bona Sforza, Queen of Poland, Bari came to be included in the Kingdom of Naples and its history contracted to a local one, as malaria became endemic in the region. Bari was wakened from its provincial somnolence by Napoleon's brother-in-law Joachim Murat. As Napoleonic King of Naples Murat ordered the building in 1808 of a new section of the city, laid out on a rational grid plan, which bears his name today as the Murattiano. Under this stimulus, Bari developed into the most important port city of the region. The legacy of Mussolini can be seen in the imposing architecture along the seafront.
The 1943 chemical warfare disaster
Through a tragic coincidence intended by neither of the opposing sides in World War II, Bari gained the unwelcome distinction of being the only European city to experience chemical warfare in the course of that war.
On the night of December 2, 1943, German Junkers Ju 88 bombers attacked the port of Bari, which was a key supply center for Allied forces fighting their way up the Italian peninsula. Several Allied ships were sunk in the overcrowded harbor, including John Harvey, which was carrying mustard gas, intended for use if German forces initiated chemical warfare. The presence of the gas was highly classified, and authorities ashore had no knowledge of it. This increased the number of fatalities, since physicians — who had no idea that they were dealing with the effects of mustard gas — prescribed treatment proper for those suffering from exposure and immersion, which proved fatal in many cases.
The whole affair was kept secret at the time and for many years after the war, a state of affairs which appears to have been a deliberate and systematic cover-up. Indeed, even today, many "Baresi" are still unaware of what happened and why. Up to the present, there is a considerable dispute as to the number of fatalities. In one account: "sixty-nine deaths were attributed in whole or in part to the mustard gas, most of them American merchant seamen" ; others put it as high as "more than one thousand Allied servicemen and more than one thousand Italian civilians" . Part of the confusion and controversy derives from the fact that the German attack, which became nicknamed "The Little Pearl Harbor", was highly destructive and lethal in itself, apart from the effects of the gas. Attribution of the causes of death to the gas, as distinct from the direct effects of the German attack, have proved far from easy.
The affair is the subject of two books: Disaster at Bari by Glenn B. Infield and Nightmare in Bari: The World War II Liberty Ship Poison Gas Disaster and Coverup by Gerald Reminick.
Bari today
Bari is now mostly a modern industrial city. Neverthless, some of Italy's most interesting and undiscovered areas exist within the province of Bari and the region of Puglia. Bari itself is a proud and hard-working port city with strong traditions based on its Saint Nicholas who, as the patron of foreigners, created a sense of open-mindedness amongst its residents towards those from overseas which persists to this day. Bari is known throughout Italy for its strong, often crude, spoken dialect, particularly in the Old Town and for its culinary traditions, in particular Orecchiette with Cime di rape - Little ear-shaped pasta with turnip tops.
City/Town : Latitude: 41.133333, Longitude: 16.866667Matches 1 to 2 of 2
Last Name, Given Name(s)  |
Death  |
Person ID | Tree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  de France, Louis | 22 Sep 1384 | I97614 | savenije |
| 2 | Plesman, Johan Cornelis | 23 Jun 1949 | I414678 | savenije |
Matches 1 to 2 of 2
| Last Name, Given Name(s) |
Burial |
Person ID | Tree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | von Berg, Bruno II. | I828428 | savenije | |
| 2 | von Spanheim, Hugues | I823659 | savenije |
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