Notes:
Badajoz es una ciudad española, capital de la provincia de su mismo nombre (comunidad autónoma de Extremadura). Pertenece y es sede de la comarca de Tierra de Badajoz y cabecera del Partido judicial de Badajoz.
Badajoz fue fundada en el siglo IX, durante la dominación musulmana de la península Ibérica y actualmente cuenta con 152 270 habitantes (INE 2012), lo que representa el 21,73% de la población total de su provincia y el 13,58% de la comunidad extremeña. Esta cifra sitúa a Badajoz como el municipio más poblado de Extremadura y de la cuenca hidrográfica del Guadiana, uno de los ríos más importantes de la Península Ibérica, que surca la ciudad de este a oeste, para después girar hacia el sur. Es también la tercera capital de provincia con mayor número de habitantes de la Submeseta Sur, después de Madrid y Albacete.
Su término municipal, que hace frontera por el oeste con Portugal, resulta el de mayor extensión de la provincia a pesar de encontrarse su territorio muy reducido respecto a la demarcación histórica del pasado; A pesar de ello, con sus 154.765 hectáreas, o lo que es igual, 1440 km² de superficie,3 que representa el 7,15% de la provincia, continúa siendo después de Cáceres y Lorca el tercer término municipal más extenso de España. Está integrado por 10 núcleos de población, entre los que sobresalen, además del casco urbano pacense, Gévora, Valdebótoa y Villafranco del Guadiana, todos ellos por encima de los 1000 habitantes.
Nacida de la mano de Ibn Marwan en en el año 892 sobre un asentamiento ocupado desde las épocas más remotas de la prehistoria. Badajoz se instaló sobre una población visigoda entonces ya desaparecida, o al menos en alto grado de decadencia, aprovechando la cima de una de las dos colinas: el Cabezo de la Muela o Cabezo del Monturio, a partir del cual se desarrolló la ciudad actual. Enfrente, en la margen derecha del río Guadiana, se encuentran las Cuestas de Orinaza o Cerro de San Cristóbal, también conocidas antiguamente como Baxernal o Baxarnal. Hoy los pacenses recuerdan la fundación de su ciudad en la fiesta llamada Almossasa Batalyaws; celebrada a finales de septiembre
El Casco Antiguo, también conocido como barrio histórico, compone el sector más antiguo de Badajoz. Posee multitud de edificios declarados "Bien de Interés Histórico-artístico-cultural". Como la Catedral, la Alcazaba, Las murallas de estilo Vaubán, la Iglesia de Santo Domingo y el Real Convento de Santa Ana, Donde murió Ana de Austria, Reina consorte de España sobre el 1949. En los últimos tiempos se ha restaurado con gran acierto la Plaza Alta; es una de las zonas más bellas de la ciudad, así como la Plaza de España, donde se encuentra el Ayuntamiento, la Catedral, el Archivo Histórico Municipal, el Museo Catedralicio, la Casa del Cordón y la casa Buiza. La Plaza de la Soledad también es una plaza con mucho encanto, con edifficios como: La Giralda, Las Tres Campanas y el Conservatorio de Música de Badajoz. La Plaza de San Andrés es la cuarta plaza monumental de Badajoz, aquí se encuentran edificios como la Iglesia de San Andrés, Hotel Cervantes, la Casa Regionalista y la Casa Puebla. También merece nombrar los parques y jardines que convierten a Badajoz en la tercera ciudad con el aire más limpio de toda España.
Badajoz (Spanish pronunciation: baðaˈxoθ, formerly written Badajos in English; Extremaduran: Baajós) is the capital of the Province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It is situated close to the Portuguese border, on the left bank of the river Guadiana. The population in 2011 was 151,565.
Conquered by the Moors in the 7th century, Badajoz became a Moorish kingdom, the Taifa of Badajoz. After the reconquista, the area was disputed between Spain and Portugal for several centuries with alternating control resulting in several wars including the Spanish War of Succession (1705), the Peninsular War (1808–1811), the Storming of Badajoz (1812), and the Spanish Civil War (1936). Spanish history is largely reflected in the town.
Badajoz is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mérida-Badajoz. Prior to the merger of the Diocese of Mérida and the Diocese of Badajoz, Badajoz was the see of the Diocese of Badajoz from the bishopric's inception in 1255. The city has a degree of eminence, crowned as it is by the ruins of a Moorish castle and overlooking the Guadiana river, which flows between the castle-hill and the powerfully armed fort of San Cristobal. The architecture of Badajoz is indicative of its teempestuous history; even the Badajoz Cathedral, built in 1238, resembles a fortress, with its massive walls. Badajoz is home to the CD Badajoz 1905 and Cerro Reyes football clubs and the AB Pacense basketball club. It is served by Badajoz Railway Station and Badajoz Airport.
History
Ancient times
Archaeological finds unearthed in the Badajoz area have been dated to the Bronze Age. Megalithic tombs are dated as far back as 4000 BC, while many of the steles found are from the Late Bronze Age. Other finds include weapons such as axes and swords, everyday items of pottery and utensils, and various items of jewellery such as bracelets. Archaeological excavations have revealed remnants from the Lower Paleolithic period. Artifacts have also been found at the Roman town of Colonia Pacencis in the Badajoz area, although a significant number of larger artifacts were found in Mérida.
With the invasion of the Romans, which started in 218 BC during the Second Punic War, Badajoz and Extremadura became part of the administrative district called Hispania Ulterior (Farther Spain), which was later divided by Emperor Augustus into Hispania Ulterior Baetica and Hispania Ulterior Lusitania; Badajoz became part of Lusitania. Though the settlement is not mentioned in Roman history, Roman villas such as the La Cocosa Villa have been discovered in the area, while Visigothic constructions have also been found in the vicinity.
Founding to Middle Ages
Badajoz attained importance during the reign of Moorish rulers such as the Umayyad caliphs of Córdoba, and the Almoravids and Almohads of North Africa. From the 8th century, the Umayyad dynasty controlled the region until the early 11th century. The official foundation of Badajoz was laid by the Almohad Muslim nobleman Ibn Marwan, around 875, after he had been expelled from Mérida. Under Ibn Marwan, the city was the seat of an effective autonomous rebel state which was quenched only in the 10th century. In 1021 (or possibly 1031 0), it became the capital of a small Muslim kingdom, the Taifa of Badajoz; with some 25,000 inhabitants. Badajoz was known as Batalyaws (Arabic: بطليوس) during Muslim rule. The invasion of Badajoz by Christian rulers in 1086 under Alfonso VI of Castile, overturned the rule of the Moors. In addition to an invasion by the Almoravids of Morocco in 1067, Badajoz was later invaded by the Almohads in 1147.
Badajoz was captured by Alfonso IX of León on 19 March 1230. Shortly after its conquest, in the time of Alfonso X the Wise of Castile, a bishopric see was established and work was initiated on the Cathedral of San Juan Bautista. In 1336, during the reign of Alfonso XI of Castile, the troops of King Afonso IV of Portugal besieged the city. However, soon afterwards, the Castilian-Leonese troops, which included Pedro Ponce de León the Elder and Juan Alonso Pérez de Guzmán y Coronel, second lord of Sanlúcar de Barrameda and son of Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, defeated the troops of Alfonso IV in the Battle of Villanueva de Barcarrota. Their victory forced the king of Portugal to desert the city and it fell into neglect.
In medieval times, the Sánchez de Badajoz family dominated the area as the lords of Barcarrota, near Badajoz, acquiring the property in 1369 when it was granted to Fernán Sánchez de Badajoz by Enrique II. They temporarily lost Barcarrota after a tiff with the Portuguese but soon regained control. Fernán Sánchez's grandson of the same name, son of Garci Sánchez de Badajoz, was both lord of Barcarrota and Mayor of Badajoz in 1434. Garci Sánchez de Badajoz, probably his son, was a notable writer, and one of his descendents, Diego Sánchez de Badajoz, was also a notable playwright; his Recopilación en metro was published posthumously in 1554.
The first hospital was founded in the town by Bishop Fray Pedro de Silva in 1485. Those affected by the plague epidemic were treated here in 1506. During the 16th century the city experienced a cultural renaissance thanks to personalities such as the painter Luis de Morales, the composer Juan Vázquez, the humanist Rodrigo Dosma, the poet Joaquin Romero de Cepeda, the playwright Diego Sánchez de Badajoz, the Dominican mystic Fray Luis de Granada and architect Gaspar Méndez. In 1524, a board meeting between representatives of Spain and Portugal took place in the Old Town Hall in the city to clarify the status of their territorial arrangements, attended by Hernando Colón, Juan Vespucio, Sebastián Caboto, Juan Sebastián Elcano, Diego Ribeiro and Esteban Gómez. With reason to assert their rights to the Portuguese Crown, Philip II of Spain briefly moved his court to Badajoz in August 1580. Queen Anne of Austria died in the city two months later, and on 5 December 1580, Philip moved out of the city. From 1580 until 1640, as a result of the absence of war, the city flourished once again. According to the historian Vicente Navarro del Castillo, some 428 residents of Badajoz contributed to the Spanish conquest of the Americas, including Pedro de Alvarado, Luis de Moscoso, Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega y Vargas (father of Inca Garcilaso) and Hernán Sánchez de Badajoz. In 1640 the city was attacked during the Portuguese Restoration War.0
1660–1811
The battle for control of the town and its fortress continued with attacks by the Portuguese in 1660. In 1705, during the Spanish War of Succession, Badajoz was controlled by the Allies following the death of the heirless King Charles II. It was taken by Spain, prompting Philip V, grandson of Louis XI of France, to take over the reins of Spain itself.0 In 1715 Portugal signed a peace agreement with Spain and surrendered its claims to Badajoz in lieu of Spain's cession of Sacramento territory in the La Plata area in South America. The Peace Treaty of Badajoz was signed between Spain and Portugal on 6 June 1801. The Portuguese, feeling that an attack by French troops stationed in Ciudad Rodrigo was imminent, agreed to cede Olilivenza to Spain (which has since been returned), and declared that it would close its ports to British ships. This agreement was revoked in 1807 as its terms were breached when the Treaty of Fontainbleau was signed between Spain and France on 27 October 1807.
During the Peninsular War, Badajoz was unsuccessfully attacked by the French in 1808 and 1809. However, on 10 March 1811, the Spanish commander, José Imaz, was bribed into surrendering to a French force under Marshal Soult.0 A British and Portuguese army, commanded by Marshal Beresford, endeavoured to retake it and on 16 May 1811 defeated a relieving force at Albuera, but the siege was abandoned the following month.0
The Storming of Badajoz (1812)
In 1812, the Earl of Wellington (the future Duke of Wellington) again attempted to take Badajoz, which had a French garrison of about 5,000 men. Siege operations commenced on 16 March; by early April, there were three practicable breaches a in the walls. These were assaulted by two British divisions on 6 April, reputed to be "Wellington's bloodiest siege", with a loss of some 5,000 British soldiers out of 15,000) after a five-hour onslaught. The French also lost some 1,200 of their 5,000 soldiers in the battle. Despite the casualties, the castle and another section of undamaged wall had been attacked and the town was successfully taken by the British. Wellington wrote to Lord Liverpool, "The capture of Badajos affords as strong an instance of the gallantry of our troops as has ever been displayed, but I anxiously hope that I shall never again be the instrument of putting them to such a test as that to which they were put last night." However, Wellington's storming of San Sebastián in 1813 was much like that of Badajoz.
The Marquis de la Romana died at Badajoz on 23 January 1812 in a fit of apoplexy, seized at the moment when he was leaving his house to concert a plan of military operations with Lord Wellington. In the Siege of Badajoz, a detachment of the 45th Regiment of Foot (later amalgamated with the 95th to form the Sherwood Foresters Regiment) succeeded in getting into the castle first and the red coatee of Lt. James MacPherson of the 45th regiment was hoisted in place of the French flag to indicate the fall of the castle. This feat is commemorated on 6 April each year, when red jackets are flown on regimental flag staffs and at Nottingham Castle. Volume 23 of the Museum of Foreign Literature, Science and Art, published in 1833, descscribed Badajoz as "one of the richest and most beautiful towns in the south of Spain, whose inhabitants had witnessed its siege in silent terror for one and twenty days, and who had been shocked by the frightful massacre." On 5 August 1883 there was an attempted revolt by the armed forces when a climate of confusion and chaos prevailed.
Spanish Civil War
Main articles: Battle of Badajoz (1936) and Massacre of Badajoz
The Spanish Civil War in Badajoz in the 1930s was a gruesome affair. During the war, Badajoz was taken by the Nationalists in the Battle of Badajoz. Infamously, several thousand of the town's inhabitants, both men and women, were taken to the toown's bullring after the battle and after machine guns were set up on the barriers around the ring, an indiscriminate slaughter began. On 14 August 1936, hundreds of Republicans were shot at the Plaza de Toros. In the course of the night, anotheer 1,200 were brought in. Overall it is estimated that over 4,000 people were murdered by the Nationalists after the battle.0 Even those who tried to cross the Portuguese border were captured and sent back to Badajoz. The troops who committed the killings at Badajoz were under the command of general Juan Yagüe, who, after the civil war, was appointed Minister of Aviation by Franco. For the actions of his troops at Badajoz, Yagüe was popularly known as the "Butcher of Badajoz".
Modern history
After the war, the town continued to grow, although since 1960 it has suffered significant migrations to other Spanish regions and other European countries. During the following decades, the predominant economic activity of the city increasingly fell within the tertiary sector, and today Badajoz is a major commercial centre in southwestern Spain and an important bridge between Spain and Portugal for trade and cultural relations. On 6 November 1997, a heavy flood devastated several neighbourhoods of the city, causing the deaths of 21 people and devastating the property of hundreds. The catastrophe was caused by the Atlantic extratropical trough crossing the Iberian Peninsula and inundating the Rivilla and Calamon brooks, which are usually dry. The village of Cerro de los Reyes, near the confluence of both streams, received the brunt of the damage caused by the flood
City/Town : Latitude: 38.87879299009207, Longitude: -6.969012737099547Matches 1 to 1 of 1
Last Name, Given Name(s)  |
Death  |
Person ID | Tree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  von Österreich, Anna | 26 Oct 1580 | I631289 | savenije |
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