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- (Translated from Ukranian)
Izyaslav Yaroslavych (baptized Dmytro [3]; Old Russian Grand Duke of Kyiv (1054-1068, 1069-1073, 1077-1078). Prince of Turov (1042-1052) and Novgorod (1052-1054). The third son of the Grand Duke of Kiev Yaroslav the Wise [4]. Son-in-law of the Polish King Mieszko II (from 1043) [4]. According to his father's will, he received Kyiv, as well as Novgorod, Turiv and Derevlya lands [4]. Together with his brothers, Prince Sviatoslav of Chernihiv and Prince Vsevolod of Pereyaslav, he formed a triumvirate that ruled Russia for about 20 years. In 1066 he defeated the Polotsk prince Vseslav, who claimed Novgorod; In 1067 he was imprisoned in Kyiv. In 1068, together with his brothers, he was defeated by the Polovtsians on the Alta River. As a result of the uprising, Kyivans fled to Poland, after which the rebels handed over the city to Vseslav. In 1069 he regained Kyiv with the help of Boleslaw II's Polish army. In 1073 he was expelled from the capital by his brother Svyatoslav with the support of Vsevolod. Unsuccessfully sought help in Poland and Germany [4]. He became close to Pope Gregory VII, who called him "King of Russia" and crowned his son Yaropolk in Rome and gave the latter the throne of the Holy See, the Russian Kingdom. He returned to Kyiv after Sviatoslav's death. He died in the battle of Nizhatyna Niva, helping Vsevolod to defend the Chernihiv principality from the contenders.
mena
Izyaslav Yaroslavych is a traditional writing in Ukrainian historiography. In the "Tale of Bygone Years" there is a different record of the name (Old Russian. Izlav, Izlav, Izlav [5]; patronymic: Old Russian.
Izyaslav-Dmytro Yaroslavych [1] - by the baptismal name "Dmytro" (Demetrius), given in honor of St. Dmytro of Thessaloniki [6]. In the annals of Lampert of Hersfeld, in a letter to the German King Henry IV in 1075, Izyaslav calls himself "Deius, rex Ruzenorum" (Dmitry, King of Russia). In a letter to Izyaslav dated April 17, 1075, Pope Gregory VII addressed him in the same way - "Demetrius, rex Ruscorum" [7] [6]. The name "Dmitry" also appears on dozens of lead seals of Izyaslav with the image of Dmitry of Thessaloniki, the reverse side of which contains a prince's trident or a decorative rosette [6].
Izyaslav I - in Western historiography, according to the Western European tradition of naming monarchs.
Demetrius I [source] - in Western historiography, according to the Western European Christian tradition of naming monarchs.
Biography
Tours. Novgorod
Izyaslav Yaroslavych was born in 1024. He was the third son of the Grand Duke of Kiev Yaroslav the Wise; the second son of the Swedish princess Ingigerda (Irina) [4]. His older brothers were Ilya and Volodymyr Yaroslavych, and his younger brothers were Sviatoslav, Vsevolod, Ihor, and Vyacheslav.
In 1042 his father granted 18-year-old Izyaslav to rule in the Turov land. Around 1043, the prince married Gertrude, the daughter of King Mieszko II of Poland.
After the death of Elijah in 1020 and Vladimir in 1052, the 28-year-old prince became the eldest son of Yaroslav. After Vladimir, he inherited the princely table in the Novgorod land, and after the death of his father Yaroslav in 1054, according to his father's will, he ascended the throne of Kiev, along with the Novgorod, Turiv and Derevlya lands [4].
Kiev reign
Izyaslav shared the inheritance with two younger brothers - Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, forming the so-called triumvirate of Yaroslavych. He had problems with Kyivans and Pechersk monks.
From 1065 Izyaslav waged war with the Polotsk prince Vseslav Bryachyslavych, who claimed the Novgorod land. In 1065 Polotsk troops plundered Pskov, and in 1066 the same fate befell Novgorod. On March 3, 1067, Izyaslav, together with his brothers Sviatoslav and Vsevolod, defeated the Polotsk prince Vseslav in the battle of Nemiga. On July 10 of the same year, at a princely congress on the Orsha River near Smolensk, he cunningly captured Vseslav and his two sons and imprisoned them in Kyiv. Due to this, for a short time Polotsk land became part of the Grand Ducal Kyiv domain.
After the defeat of the Polovtsians in the battle of Alta in 1068 and the prince's refusal to give weapons to the people of Kiev, an uprising against Izyaslav broke out in Kyiv, as a result of which he had to flee the city. The following year, Iziaslaw returned with Polish troops and suppressed the uprising.
The brothers again expelled Izyaslav from Kyiv in 1073, and he turned to Poland, where he arrived "with great prosperity." Polish King Boleslaw II the Brave, however, not only did not help his relative, but also took most of the wealth, intending to use them in the war with the Czechs, expelling Izyaslav from the country, and with his rivals, Svyatoslav and Vsevolod, made an alliance.
Izyaslav then turned for help to the German Emperor Henry IV and came to him in Mainz. Izyaslav's rivals managed to send so much gold, silver and treasures to Germany that, as the German chronicler noted, no one remembers that such wealth was ever imported into the German state. These values were for Germany for a while, because its treasury was empty… Without finding support, Izyaslav had to flee.
Relations with Rome
Having lost Kyiv for the second time, in search of help through the Margrave of the Eastern Mark, Grandfather II, he established relations with the enemy of Henry IV - Pope Gregory VII. The pope crowned his son Yaropolk in Rome and granted him his kingdom as a member of the Holy See (papal letter of April 17, 1075 [9]), according to which power in Kyiv was to belong to Izyaslav and his son Yaropolk [1]. Three days after writing this bull, the pope addressed a message to the Polish prince Boleslaw, in which he rebuked him for robbing Izyaslav and called for help (papal letter of April 20, 1075).
This attempt to consolidate Kievan Rus by one branch of the dynasty by changing the order of inheritance failed. Izyaslav himself did not publish this act in Russia [1] [11] [12] [13] [14].
Return to Kyiv
In the summer of 1077, with the help of Polish troops, Izyaslav recaptured Kyiv.
Death
In 1078, Izyaslav Yaroslavych responded to the request of his younger brother, Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavych of Chernihiv, to help in the war with the rogue princes - Oleg Svyatoslavych and Boris Vyacheslavych [15]. The latter brought the Polovtsians to Russia, seeking to seize the lands of their late parents - Chernihiv and Smolensk [15]. In September-October of the same year, Izyaslav, together with his son Yaropolk, brother Vsevolod and god Volodymyr Monomakh, stormed the rebellious Chernihiv, which on August 25 sided with the outcasts after the battle of Sozhytsya. Upon learning that the troops of Oleg and Boris were coming to the aid of the defenders, the Yaroslavichs stopped storming the city and attacked the enemy. On October 3, 1078, the battle of Nizhatyna took place, in which the Kiev troops won. However, Izyaslav, who was fighting on foot, was mortally wounded in the shoulder and died on the battlefield. After the battle, the body of the late prince was sent by boat to Kyiv and solemnly buried in a marble cistern in the Tithe Church. [16] [17] [1] The death of the Grand Duke is mentioned in "The Tale of Bygone Years" and "A Tale of Igor's Regiment".
After Izyaslav's death, the Kyiv table passed to his brother Vsevolod, and Izyaslav's son, Yaropolk, began to rule in Volodymyr and Turov.
Estimates
According to chronicles, Izyaslav was tall and powerful; had a beautiful face and gentle nature. The chronicler appreciates the human qualities of the prince, his innocence, and especially his help to his brother Vsevolod in 1078 as a sacrifl act.
Ipat Chronicle [18] Translation [19]
бѣ же Изѧславъ. husband looks handsome. тѣломъ великомь. незлобивъ нравомь. krivdaı hate. love the truth. the beak is not in it. no flattery. but simple oumom. do not repay evil for evil. how much will it create for him most. fire. and he plundered his house. and do not retaliate against that evil. Is there anyone else to do that then do not create or dream of it. again, his brother is emaciated. and walk on another's land fornication. and I'll sit him on my desk. Vsevolod came and ran to him. call him how many breaths. ѿ I fight evil for evil. but comfort him and tell him. Elma, my brother showed me love. lead me to my chair. call me an elder yourself. се⁇ зъ не помѧну злобъı первоѣ. тъ мнѣ еси. bratъ а⁇ тобѣ. and I will put my head behind it. еже и быс бы. don't tell him how much evil he has created for me. and it is over. do not say this except me. but sadness for my brother. showing great love. свршаӕ ап⁇ ла глща оутѣшаите печалныӕ.
in truth. Another thing that created is seven in the world. етеро согрѣшенье ѿдастьсѧ му. but lay down your head for your brother. we want more parts. ни имѣнь⁇ хот⁇ болшаго. but for the fraternal ѡbida.
Izyaslav looked good, big in body, good-natured, hated guilt, loved the truth. There was no trick in him, no cunning, but he was straightforward in mind, not repaying evil for evil. How much did the people of Kyiv do to him! He himself was expelled, and good was plundered, and he did not repay evil for it. If someone says: "He cut down the people of Kyiv, who just threw Vseslav out of the felling," it was not he who did it, but his son. And then his two brothers drove him out, and he walked on a strange land, wandering. And when he sat down again at his table [and] Vsevolod came to him, defeated, [he] did not say to him: "How much evil I have suffered from you both!" He did not repay evil for evil, but comforted him, telling him: "After you, my brother, showed me love, brought me to my table, calling me older than myself, I will not remember the former evil . You are my brother, and I am yours, and I will lay down my head for you, ”which is what happened. He did not say to him, "How much evil you have both done to me, and now this has happened to you." He did not say, "This does not escape me," but he took upon himself the sorrow of a brother, he showed great love, acting on the apostle [Paul], who says, "Comfort the sad."
Indeed, if he has committed anything in the world seven, any sin, it will be forgiven him, because he laid down his head for his brother, neither seeking a greater share, nor possessions though greater, but for a brotherly offense.
- Iziaslav Yaroslavich (Old East Slavic: Изѧславь Ӕрославичь; Russian: Изяслав Ярославич; Ukrainian: Ізяслав Ярославич; 1024 – 3 October 1078, baptized as Demetrius) was a Kniaz' (Prince) of Turov, Veliki Kniaz (Grand Prince of Kiev [Kyiv], from 1054).
Iziaslav's children Yaropolk and Sviatopolk would rule the Turov Principality. Their authority was mainly challenged by the Rostilavichi of Rostislav Vsevolodovich.
Biography
Iziaslav was the oldest son of Yaroslav I the Wise by his second wife Ingigerd Olafsdottir. Iziaslav succeeded his father, after Yaroslav's oldest child, Vladimir (the only child by Yaroslav's first wife), had predeceased his father. Iziaslav was one of the authors of "Pravda Yaroslavichiv" – a part of the first legal code of Rus, called Russkaya Pravda.
He is also credited with the foundation of the Kiev Pechersk Monastery. Prince Iziaslav I of Kiev ceded the whole mountain to Antonite monks who founded a monastery built by architects from Constantinople. According to the Primary Chronicle, in the early 11th century, Antony, a Greek Orthodox monk from Esphigmenon monastery on Mount Athos, originally from Liubech in the Principality of Chernigov, returned to Rus' and settled in Kiev as a missionary of the monastic tradition to Kievan Rus'. He chose a cave at the Berestov Mount that overlooked the Dnieper River and a community of disciples soon grew.
In 1043 his father Veliki Kniaz (Grand Prince) Yaroslav made an agreement with King Casimir I of Poland that recognized Cherven as part of Kiev. The agreement was sealed with a double marriage—Casimir to Dobronega, Yaroslav's sister; and Iziaslav to Gertrude, Casimir's sister.[1] From this marriage were born three children: Iziaslav's son Yaropolk, Mstislav and Sviatopolk. Upon the death of Yaroslav the Wise, his realm was divided between three of his older sons (Vladimir of Novgorod died before that), Izyaslav, Sviatoslav, and Vsevolod, creating the Yaroslavichi triumvirate that ruled the country for the next 20 years.
As a result of the popular uprising in 1068, Iziaslav was deposed and fled to Poland.[1] In 1069 he retook Kiev with the help of the Polish army; however, he was ousted again by his brothers in 1073. Iziaslav turned to the German king Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, Polish king Bolesław II the Bold, and Pope Gregory VII, for help on several occasions. Iziaslav became the first King of Rus' in 1075 when the Pope sent him a crown. He succeeded in retaking Kiev once again in 1076, but soon died in an internecine war against Princes Oleg Sviatoslavich and Boris Vyacheslavich.
Children
Iziaslav had the following children with Gertrude:
Yaropolk
Mstislav (–1069), was a Prince of Novgorod (1054–1067) which he lost to Vseslav of Polotsk. He had a son Rostislav Mstislavich that died in 1093.
Eupraxia, may have been married to Mieszko Bolesławowic, son of Bolesław II the Bold in 1088.
Sviatopolk ΙΙ grand prince of Kiev.
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1025 - 1078 (53 years)
Yarosláv I. Volodýmyrovych, Grootvorst
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