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- (Translated from Hungarian)
I. (Champion) Béla - (Dévény, 1016 - Dévény area, September 11, 1063) Hungarian king of Árpád house between 1060 and 1063. His father was Prince Vazul, blinded by King Stephen I, and his mother was a woman of the Taty family, and his wife was Piast Richeza of Polish descent. Among his children, Géza and László later ascended the throne. The death of King Bela I is a well-known saying: he was struck to death in 1063 by his fallen throne.
His life
Origin and exile
Géza I. Béla was the grandson of the Hungarian prince's younger brother, Mihály. His father was probably Vazul; Although several contemporary chronicles identify Vazul's younger brother, László Szár, as the father of Béla and his brothers, the reasons for this may be the political events of the time (Vazul revolted against István I, so he would not be happy to admit that the later rulers of the Árpád House ).
Béla's year of birth is unknown; our historical memories first mention it when he fled abroad with his brothers, Endre and Levente. We know the reasons and circumstances of his escape. According to the chronicle, they fled due to the blindness of Vazul. According to our chronicles, Prince Peter wanted to open the way to the Hungarian throne for himself, he broke against the lives of the three princes. In the final years of István I's life, he was unable to protect his nephews, so he recommended that they flee and wait for better times abroad.
The princes fled to the Czech Republic, where they were welcomed in the court of Prince Ulrik. Here II. They met the Polish prince Mieszko, who was escorted to Poland after regaining his country. Béla did a significant service to this prince. In the war against the Pomeranians, he led the Polish armies and won a bright victory. As a reward, he won the hand of the Polish prince's daughter, Richeza.
Return to Hungary
During Géza's stay in Poland, the Hungarians rose up against King Peter for the second time, and in 1046 Béla's brother, Andrė, was invited to the throne. Endre also called Béla back to the country, handed him a third of the country and - not having his own son - opened up the prospect of her inheritance. Béla a III. In the wars he wore against the German-Roman emperor Henry, he excelled in his military command. Repressing the German armies and preserving the independence of the homeland is his merit. He also culminated this by reclaiming the southern parts of the country, which, in the course of further disturbances, fell partly into the hands of the Croatian prince and partly under Greek supremacy. Meanwhile, Andrew's son was born, Solomon. Béla did not object to his father crowning Solomon at the age of seven.
His reign
According to the Képes chronicle, the coronation of Székesfehérvár was accompanied by the song "Esto dominus fratrum Tuorum" (according to József Gerics, this song belongs to the Egbert Order, which was probably used in the coronation of Solomon), and the interpretation was misunderstood: to your brethren "the hymn applied to Solomon, and thus would become the lord of Bela. However, his enemies convinced Endre that Bela longed for the crown. Endre tested his loyalty and selflessness in Várkony in a scene later colored by poetry. Béla, not feeling safe, fled to Poland, where his brother-in-law, II. He asked Boleslav for help, and in 1060 he broke into Hungary with his army [source]. Endre fell in battle; Béla went from the battlefield to Székesfehérvár, where he was elected king and crowned him on December 6, 1060. [1]
Shortly after his coronation, in 1061, he held a parliament in Székesfehérvár, to which, to legitimize his power, he invited two elders from each village. Some of the delegates camped outside the city walls demanded the restoration of the pagan religion. Shortly afterwards, under the leadership of John, son of the tribal chief Vata (who led the pagan rebellion named after him in 1046), rebels came under White Castle, from whom the king's followers fled to the city. [2] The king asked for three days to think; meanwhile he summoned the armies of the nearby counties under Fehérvár and crushed the crowd, which was already cheering for his demands to be fulfilled. This was the last open rebellion of paganism in Hungary.
“During his reign, the Hungarians abandoned faith and baptism, wandering in the faith for years, so that they did not appear to be either Gentiles or Christians, but then adhered to the faith out of property. It ordered all fairs to be sold and sold on Saturday and brought Byzantine gold into circulation in the territory of his country, which had to be redeemed with very small silver denarii, for example forty. Of which, to this day, forty denarii are called gold, not as if they were gold, but because forty denarii were worth of Byzantine gold. And he reigned two years and passed away from this world in the third year, and was buried in his own monastery called Szögszárd. For he was stalk (bald) and angular (brown), which is why he called his monastery the milieu himself, so he commanded him to be called. "
- Simon Kézai: Chronicle of Hungarians [3]
After averting the peril, Béla did much for the development of Christianity and national culture; in particular to settle industry, trade and finance, and to increase public welfare. When in 1063 IV. The guardians of Emperor Henry made preparations to support the needs of Solomon, who had fled to the German-Roman Empire, and Bela preceded them and sent his armies to Austria, but the enterprise was unsuccessful.
The king convened a parliament in Dömös because of the impending German attack. According to the Image Chronicle, the king was torn from his throne and severely wounded:
“The pious King Bela then, on the third year of his reign, crushed his crumbling throne on his royal property, Dömös; his body fell into an incurable disease; he was taken half-dead to the Kanizva stream for some things in the country; he left the world there. He was buried in the monastery of the Holy Savior, which he himself built in a place called Szögszárd. Because Béla was angular in color and stem, he named his monastery Szögszárd, because of its condition. "
- Márk Kálti: A capable chronicle
The wounded ruler was transported after his troops marching west, but he died of his injury around Dévény. He was buried in the abbey of Szekszárd, which he founded.
His family
Béla's wife became the Polish princess, Richeza (or Rixa by other names). Richeza is a Polish prince from the House of Piast, II. Mieszko and his wife were the firstborn daughter of Richeza from the House of Ezzonen. Their marriage took place sometime around 1033. From their wedding, seven children were born, three boys and four girls. Their firstborn son was Géza I, who later referred only to the adjective “Magnus”, who was a Hungarian king between 1074 and 1077, who, like Andrew I, was not succeeded on his Hungarian throne by his later brother, St. Ladislaus, between 1077 and 1095. Béla's third son, Prince Lampert, knew little about the rest of his life. Of their four daughters, Sophia was married twice, so she also had the title of Countess and Saxon Princess of Weimar-Istria. . The name of Béla's youngest daughter has not survived.
- Reign House Árpád House
He was born around 1016
Deveny
Died September 11, 1063 (at the age of 47)
Dévény area, Kanizsva stream
Resting place Abbey Church of the Holy Savior, Szekszárd
His father is Vazul
Her mother is unknown
His brothers
King Andrew I of Hungary
Levente
His wife is Piast Richeza
Her children
Géza I., László I., Lampert, Zsófia, Euphemia, Ilona,
unknown
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Abt 1016 - 1063 (47 years)
Vazul Magyarországról
: Address
: Location
: City/Town
: County/Shire
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English
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